What is operating systems?, well its a software which manages computer hardware and software resourses and provide us with common services for computer programs.
They are basically intermediary between the users and computer hardware which enables you to interact with systems and run applications.
Some key functions:-
- Mrocess management
- Memory management
- File management
- Device management
- User interface
- Security and access control
- Networking
Types of Operation systems:-
- Desktop Operating Systems
- Server Operating Systems
- Mobile operating Systems
- Embedded Operating Systems
- Real-Time Operating Systems
- Desktop Operating Systems
DOS is designed for personal computers and examples are can be:
- WINDOWS
- macOS
- LINUX
2. Server Operating Systems
By name as it says its managed for server hardwares and supports multiple users to run its applications at once and few examples can be:
- Windows server
- Linux Server Distribution
- Unix
3. Mobile Operating Systems
These are designed for mobile phone softwares and few examples include:
- Android
- IOS
4. Embedded Operating Systems
Its in embedded systems like IoT applications and devices and automobiles like cars. Examples are:
- RTOS (REAL OPERATING SYSTEMS LIKE freeRTOS)
- Embedded Linux
5. Real Time Operating Systems
Designed for apps which requires precise timings and high time reliability and few examples includes:
- VxWorks
- QNX
Working Of Operating Systems
Understanding how OS works involves exploring and how they manage to coordinate the hardware and software resources to provide a stable environment for applications and other users.
Core Functions:-
a) Process management : The OS manages processes, which are the instances of programs with execution.
b) creation and termination : creation where process when a program is executed the OS allocates resources like memory and CPU timings and, termination after termination on complete execution or when terminated by signal.
c) Scheduling : purpose determines the process running and few algorithms examples are Round-Robin and priority sceduling.
d) process states : running, ready, waited, terminated.
Example of OS working Flow:
System calls and context switching : Applications make system calls to interact with the OS, and the OS performs context switching to manage multiple processes.
BOOT PROCESS: When a computer starts, the OS is loaded from disk into memory. The bootloader loads the OS kernel.
Process Scheduling: The OS kernel schedules prosesses based on the chosen sceduling algorithm.
Memory Allocation: The OS manages memory allocation for processes, using techniques like paging and segmentation.
I/O HANDLING: The OS uses device drivers to manage I/O operations and ensure efficient dara transfer.
User Interaction: The OS provides interfaces (CLI or GUI) for user interaction and application execution.
In addition to these there are such general purpose operating systems that run on small computers and control assembly lines and home appliances and aircraft as well, they are real time applications which are designed to provide rapid responses to sensors and also to use thier inputs to control machinery in a proper manner.
also read: https://aifico.com/ai-ethics-and-fairness/